Cleaning the lens after cataract

For millions of people, vision problems such as cataract can cause cloudy and blurred vision. While cataract surgery is a common and effective way to restore vision, some people may experience a secondary complication to the surgery known as "secondary cataract". Here, we will understand the connection between secondary cataract and clouding of the lens and discuss cleaning of the lens after cataract.

What is secondary cataract?

Secondary cataract, also known as posterior capsular opacification (PCO), is a condition that can occur after a person has undergone cataract surgery. During cataract surgery, the cloudy natural lens of the eye is replaced with an artificial lens, known as an intraocular lens (IOL). Secondary cataract develops when the membrane, called the lens capsule, that holds the new IOL in place becomes cloudy, causing the vision to be blurred or distorted.

How does secondary cataract cause clouding of the lens?

After cataract surgery, the surgeon leaves the back part of the lens capsule in place in order to support the artificial lens. Over time, some of the cells left behind in this capsule may multiply and migrate to the centre of the capsule, causing it to become cloudy. This clouding scatters and deflects the light entering the eye, leading to clouding and blurred vision.

Secondary cataract has diverse treatments but the most common is a procedure known as YAG laser capsulotomy. This is a relatively simple procedure, in which the ophthalmologist uses a special laser to create a small opening in the cloudy capsule. This opening allows light to pass without distortion, and immediately improves vision. The procedure is quick, and patients usually experience minimal discomfort or a short recovery time.

As noted, cleaning of the lens after cataract surgery is usually not necessary, because the new artificial lens is positioned inside the eye, behind the iris, where it cannot be accessed or cleaned like a contact lens. Cataract surgery involves removal of the cloudy natural lens, and the IOL is designed to remain clear and function properly. Even so, there are several essential treatment steps after the surgery in order to ensure the clarity and health of the new lens:

1. Eye drops: it is essential to follow the surgeon's instructions regarding the eye drops. They help in healing, reduce the risk of infection and maintain the functioning of the IOL.
2. Avoid touching the eye: it is essential to avoid touching or rubbing the eyes after the surgery, because they may introduce bacteria and increase the risk of infection. The hands should be washed well before contact with the eyes.
3. Eye shield: an eye shield or protective goggles may be provided to wear at night or during naps. This prevents accidental contact with the eyes and maintains the healing of the IOL.

It is important to understand that the IOL is positioned inside the eye and is not accessible for cleaning like glasses or contact lenses. Proper care after surgery is the main method for maintaining the clarity and health of the artificial lens after cataract surgery.